LINKS
(Emphasis or underlining from the author of the website)
Since you won't find on this site links to sites which offer essential scientific content only for money and try to privatize science you should search for yourself for some of the mentioned links.
A good historical overview and descriptions of simulations very similar to my own you find in this paper: "The planetary hypothesis of solar cycle has received little attention from the astrophysical community,
(..) because it is accustomed to addressing these kinds of problems from a “classical pertubative” approach. The planetary accelerations, as we have shown, are small quantities, consequently, it is difficult to imagine that the planets might affect the solar interior. Nevertheless, the theory of WP overcomes this difficulty, and taking into account the position of several authors (e. g., Grandpierre, 1996; Shirley, 2006; Paluš et al., 2007; Scafetta, 2010; Tan, 2010) and our own opinion, the chaotic nature of the solar dynamo can amplify the effects of a weak external periodic forcing through resonances, collective synchronization and feedback mechanisms. In addition, the Sun is in a plasma state and the plasma system is always very fragile, even with a very small perturbation, a variety of instabilities very easily develop and they can be a triggering mechanism of variations and cycles." and "The possible celestial influence on solar cycle modulation is of great importance not only in solar physics but also in Earth sciences, because prolonged solar minima have associated important climatic and telluric variations, in particular, during the Maunder and Dalton Minima."
A rather recent overview on the state of research on solar dynamics gives this paper (local copy here since the arXiv file seems to be busy all the time): "spectral analysis of satellite total solar irradiance measurements from 2003 to 2013 reveals a planetary modulation of solar activity" and "A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that solar activity on monthly to millennial time scales may be modulated by gravitational and magnetic planetary harmonic forces" and "The (..) signature (..) suggesting complex, non-linear responses of solar internal dynamics to planetary forcings" and concludes:
"Our findings support the hypothesis that planetary forces are modulating solar activity (..) on multiple time scales. Scafetta proposed a physical mechanism that may explain how the small energy dissipated by the gravitational tides may be significantly amplified up to a 4-million factor by activating a modulation of the 13 solar nuclear fusion rate (Scafetta, 2012d). However, the additional presence of theoretical synodic cycles and an 11-year solar cycle modulation of the sub-annual TSI variability also suggest electromagnetic planet-sun interactions that could more directly drive the solar outer regions. (..) Further research is required to investigate the physical mechanisms of planetary-solar interactions and construct models capable of simulating and predicting solar activity ."
Abstract
Context. Empirical evidence suggests a tantalising but unproven link between
various indicators of solar activity and the barycentric motion of the Sun. The
latter is exemplified by transitions between regular and more disordered motion
modulated by the motions of the giant planets, and rare periods of retrograde
motion with negative orbital angular momentum. An examination of the barycentric
motion of exoplanet host stars, and their stellar activity cycles, has the
potential of proving or disproving the Sun's motion as an underlying factor in
the complex patterns of short- and long-term solar variability indices, by
establishing whether such correlations exist in other planetary systems. In
either case, these studies may lead to further insight into the nature of the
solar dynamo.
Aims. Some 40 multiple exoplanet systems are now known, all with reasonably
accurate orbital elements. The forms and dynamical functions of the barycentric
motion of their host stars are examined. These results can be compared with
long-term activity indicators of exoplanet host stars, as they become available,
to examine whether the correlations claimed for the Sun also exist in other
systems.
Methods. Published orbital elements of multiple exoplanetary systems are used to
examine their host star barycentric motions. For each system, we determine
analytically the orbital angular momentum of the host star, and its rate of
change.
Results. A variety of complex patterns of barycentric motions of exoplanet host
stars is demonstrated, depending on the number, masses and orbits of the planets.
Each of the behavioural types proposed to correlate with solar activity are also
evident in exoplanet host stars: repetitive patterns influenced by massive
multiple planets, epochs of rapid change in orbital angular momentum, and
intervals of negative orbital angular momentum.
Conclusions. The study provides the basis for independent investigations of the
widely-studied but unproven suggestion that the Sun's motion is somehow linked
to various indicators of solar activity. We show that, because of the nature of
their barycentric motions, the host stars HD 168443 and HD 74156 offer
particularly powerful tests of this hypothesis.
Barycentric motion of the host star for a selection of representative multiple exoplanet systems. Main plots (central two
columns) show the orbit over the indicated time interval in a reference frame with the system barycentre at the origin, with abscissae
and ordinates in AU (the solar diameter is R
= 6:96 108 m, or 0.00465AU). To the outer side of each orbital sequence, plotsshow the orbital angular momentum, L
z (upper), and dLz=dt (lower) for the same time interval, in the units as given in Table 1. Forthe systems shown, star masses lie in the range 0:85 1:15M
except for BD +20 2457 which is 2.8M . Orbital parameters weretaken as follows: the Sun: Seidelmann (2005); BD +20 2457: Niedzielski et al. (2009); HD 168443: Wright et al. (2009); Ara:
Pepe et al. (2007); 61 Vir: Vogt et al. (2010); and HD 37124: Vogt et al. (2005
A New Way that Planets Can Affect the Sun, Charles L. Wolff · Paul N. Patrone,Solar Phys (2010) 266: 227–246 pdf here (Found on 23.11.2011 by my exosite-crawler. Obviously I was too dumb to find it in the magazine or in google.)
Abstract We derive a perturbation inside a rotating star that occurs when the star is accelerated by orbiting bodies. If a fluid element has rotational and orbital components of angular momentum with respect to the inertially fixed point of a planetary system that are of opposite sign, then the element may have potential energy that could be released by a suitable flow. We demonstrate the energy with a very simple model in which two fluid elements of equal mass exchange positions, calling to mind a turbulent field or natural convection. The exchange releases potential energy that, with a minor exception, is available only in the hemisphere facing the barycenter of the planetary system. We calculate its strength and spatial distribution for the strongest case (“vertical”) and for weaker horizontal cases whose motions are all perpendicular to gravity. The vertical cases can raise the kinetic energy of a few well positioned convecting elements in the Sun’s envelope by a factor
≤ 7. This is the first physical mechanism by which planets can have a nontrivial effect on internal solar motions. Occasional small mass exchanges near the solar center and in a recently proposed mixed shell centered at 0.16Rs would carry fresh fuel to deeper levels. This would cause stars like the Sun with appropriate planetary systems to burn somewhat more brightly and have shorter lifetimes than identical stars without planets. The helioseismic sound speed and the long record of sunspot activity offer several bits of evidence that the effect may have been active in the Sun’s core, its envelope, and in some vertically stable layers. Additional proof will require direct evidence from helioseismology or from transient waves on the solar surface.
A little bit older is this paper: I. R. G. Wilson, B. D. Carter, and I. A. Waite :. http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=AS06018.pdf
Abstract
We present evidence to show that changes in the Sun’s equatorial rotation rate
are synchronized with changes in its orbital motion about the barycentre of the
Solar System. We propose that this synchronization is indicative of a spin–orbit
coupling mechanism operating between the Jovian planets and the Sun. However, we
are unable to suggest a plausible underlying physical cause for the coupling.
Some researchers have proposed that it is the period of the meridional flow in
the convective zone of the Sun that controls both the duration and strength of
the Solar cycle. We postulate that the overall period of the meridional flow is
set by the level of disruption to the flow that is caused by changes in Sun’s
equatorial rotation speed. Based on our claim that changes in the Sun’s
equatorial rotation rate are synchronized with changes in the Sun’s orbital
motion about the barycentre, we propose that the mean period for the Sun’s
meridional flow is set by a Synodic resonance between the flow period (~22.3
yr), the overall 178.7-yr repetition period for the solar orbital motion, and
the 19.86-yr synodic period of Jupiter and Saturn.
And now in March 2011 the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is also "just beginning to understand." "that the Sun's plasma rivers speed up and slow down like a malfunctioning conveyor belt"
Even older: Temporal variations of low-order spherical harmonic representations of sunspot group patterns: Evidence for solar spin-orbit coupling Or this one: Axial rotation, orbital revolution and solar spin–orbit coupling
Orbital Resonance and Solar Cycles P.A.Semi (Submitted on 29 Mar 2009) (also here: http://semi.gurroa.cz/Astro/Orbital_Resonance_and_Solar_Cycles.pdf) :
We present an analysis of planetary moves, encoded in DE406 ephemerides. We show resonance cycles between most planets in Solar System, of differing quality. (....) We show, that inner planets orbit on heliocentric trajectories whereas outer planets orbit on barycentric trajectories.(So even this little detail seems to be confirmed.)
If you want to read further details see here and only as a start this rough calculation here. It should be clear that only a high precision long term simulation can deliver viable claims.
Sun's retrograde motion and violation of even-odd cycle rule in sunspot activity
The sum of sunspots number over an odd numbered 11 yr sunspot cycle exceeds that of its preceding even numbered cycle, and it is well known as Gnevyshev and Ohl rule (or G--O rule) after the names of the authors who discovered it in 1948. The G--O rule can be used to predict the sum of sunspot numbers of a forthcoming odd cycle from that of its preceding even cycle. But this is not always possible because occasionally the G--O rule is violated. So far no plausible reason is known either for the G--O rule or the violation of this rule. Here we showed the epochs of the violation of the G--O rule are close to the epochs of the Sun's retrograde orbital motion about the centre of mass of the solar system (i.e., the epochs at which the orbital angular momentum of the Sun is weakly negative). Using this result easy to predict the epochs of violation of the G--O rule well in advance. We also showed that the solar equatorial rotation rate determined from sunspot group data during the period 1879--2004 is correlated/anti-correlated to the Sun's orbital torque during before/after 1945. We have found the existence of a statistically significant $\sim$ 17 yr periodicity in the solar equatorial rotation rate. The implications of these findings for understanding the mechanism behind the solar cycle and the solar-terrestrial relationship are discussed.
The terms "Tidal Friction", "Tidal Heating", "Tidal Dissipation" appear now every year in more and more scientific publications (only very small selection, you may find many more under these search terms. Citing these papers here doesn't means that I agree in all points):
Sustained tidal bulge in the sun: Why is the Earth moving away from the sun?
Good links
and good description: Moon captured by earth , supports the main ideas of this site (moon captured by earth, tidal friction etc.) but maintains Nebular Hypothesis and has also some other deficiencies. The exact point in time when the moon was captured we see different.On the anomalous secular increase of the eccentricity of the orbit of the Moon
TIDAL FRICTION, GEODYNAMICAL PROPERTIES AND ROTATION SPEED IN THE REMOTE GEOLOGICAL PAST (today it is assumed that 4 billion years ago a day lastet 6 hours and the moon was 10 times closer to earth than today)
TIDAL EVOLUTION OF CLOSE-IN EXTRASOLAR PLANETS
Tidal Dissipation in Extrasolar Planets
Planetary tidal forces acting on the Sun via spin-orbit coupling
Although I don't follow all points and conclusions of these papers they are worth reading:
Journal of coastal research, Special Issue 50,2007
Point of view of a chemist. This paper is mainly interesting because of the links: The sun's origin or Why the model of..
Also read this Interview: Is climate change caused by solar inertial motion? (They experienced the same problems publishing their results: "Some editors rejected our article without review, saying their readers would surely not be interested. Another editor told me, that they would not allow having anything about SIM published in their magazine! I even received a “peer review” consisting of a single sentence: “All articles about solar motion should be banned!")
Point of view of metereologists and climate researchers:
AN ORBITAL MOTION SHARED BY SUN AND EARTH EFFECTING SUNSPOTS AND EARTH WEATHER (phenomenological description, links to Landscheidt, Jose, Koppen, Schwabe...)
Fusion theory is attacked from both sides: star smaller than planet
Lockheed Martin’s announcement that it had secretly developed a promising design for a compact nuclear fusion reactor has met with skepticism. Comments from experts range from 'doubt that their reactor would do anything but tear itself apart' to 'infeasible' to 'ridiculous' to 'joke' to 'poppycock' (=plain nonsense, Thermonuclear plasma physicist Swadesh M. Mahajan), to 'purely speculative' to 'highly skeptical' : Scientist Ian Hutchinson, a professor of nuclear science and engineering at MIT "And so I’m highly skeptical that they have anything interesting to offer, It seems purely speculative, as if someone has drawn a cartoon and said they are going to fly to Mars with it.” And another: http://defensetech.org/2014/10/16/scientists-skeptical-of-lockheeds-fusion-breakthrough/ and another: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/17/lockheed-nuclear-fusion-energy_n_5990900.html and another: http://eandt.theiet.org/news/2014/oct/fusion-lockheed.cfm and another: http://www.popsci.com/article/science/lockheeds-fusion-promise-what-we-know-so-far Finally Greenpeace summarizes the international reactions: "Lockheed Martin’s compact nuclear reactor? Yet more fusion fantasy!" "The joke about commercial nuclear fusion is that it's 50 years away. Always 50 years away." and "sounds like little more than a wild boast that will embarrass them later down the line"
Many links to connection of solar cycles- sun motion
Does Heliocentrism Means That The Sun is Stationary?
Can origin of the 2400-year cycle of solar activity be caused by solar inertial motion?
Some interesting links: http://jpdesm.pagesperso-orange.fr/sunspots/sun2.html#rec_res
Many sites started from 2011 on to investigate these questions:
Loops in the Sun's Orbit (Old fashion paper oriented view: today you provide the algorithm and links to implementation details, so that anybody is able to reproduce your code and the results you present. And it should be clear that my casual presentation on my old pages is the result of discussing for about 50 years the exact orbit with (many,many) physicists. My frustration resulted from the fact that on the surface there was no movement of the physics establishment visible. Also mister Marjanov may be assured, that a german professor wouldn't stay a minute at the blackboard with a drawing as I showed it on my old pages. And at good last as it seems I was earlier in time than Jose. As far as I can remember, my teacher in school at that time had a doctors degree in physics. So it is not unlikely that he reassured himself at a higher instance, that the official physics view and thereby his statement (stationary sun) was correct. Especially since I was able to proove that the sun must wobble. Needless to say, no teacher likes it when pubils are able to proove he's wrong.)
Bart: Modeling the historical sunspot record from planetary periods and Jackpot! Jupiter and Saturn – Solar cycle link confirmed and Wattsupwiththat (on this site you find documented the conversion of conventional sun theory [represented in this case by Leif Svalgaard, an influential sun researcher] from 'barycentric nonsense' to a first 'may be there is an effect' in mid 2011 : "What you should have learned by now from the various exchanges is that if the planets generate, control, or modulate solar activity it is by tidal mechanisms [which includes W&P]. That means that all the barycentric [and solar velocity, angular momentum, etc] stuff is out, and we should [as W&P] concentrate on finding how tidal forces can do this. There may be subtle things going on in the interior that we don’t know about: the sun might not be symmetric on the inside" (please note, for the first time in 2011 solar researchers are considering this !), "for example, in which case tidal forces may cause a torque on the sun, perturbing the sunspot generation, or other more exotic things. The usual problem is one of magnitude, so that has to be overcome for tidal mechanisms to work. There are stars with large planets in very close orbits. Those planets will certainly have a measurable tidal effect. We could look for such systems and study them over time to see if their stellar activity is synchronized with the tidal forces. So, the field is ripe for investigations, but we have to get rid of all the pseudo-scientific nonsense that right now is obscuring the issues..". Teachers: Do never forget to mention that point masses are only theorietical abstractions and have no counterpart in reality. And this in every aspect! There might be students who are not able to envisage it by themselves. Or should this be "pseudo-scientific nonsense"? Emphasis and underlining from the author of the website)
Sun spot record over last 60 years (earlier data not really reliable, but even this data should be taken 'cum grano salis'. Most of the early data for these records were won in central europe. And the year 2012 is the best proof for my statement that you can't see the sun for months in central europe. As german poet Heinrich Heine expressed it: "German summer is a painted green winter." (And it is no big secret that England is even more cloudy.) Same is true for actual predictions, as NASA/NOAA notes in 2009: "Go ahead and mark your calendar for May 2013. But use a pencil")
Fusion reactors
Here the local copy of this article (original no more available).
Sun & Exoplanet links
History of extrasolar planets detection
Simbad database, Strasbourg
CDS Portal, simultaneous search in
Simbad, Aladin and VizieR
The Transiting Planets (Frédéric
Pont)
Compilation of exoplanet orbits
Solstation becomes more and more useful
Still useful: Exoplanets Rising: Astronomy and Planetary Science at the Crossroads (March 29 - April 2, 2010)
Roadmap to pursue in order to address one of the most exciting goals in modern astrophysics: detection and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets.
Global solar observatory flares into life
http://garymorris93.cwahi.net/weather/solar_variations.html (bibliography / known and speculated solar cycles)
If you're new to astronomy and want to read a little background info, here is a good start...
Links page with many links to solar sites: lmsal.com
ttp://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2012/aug/13/further-proof-of-extraterrestrial-origin-of-quasicrystalshttp://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2012/jun/29/super-tornadoes-spotted-in-the-sun
Kepler/CoRoT:
CoRoT mission data archive (includes MOST mission)
Kepler mission description and planetary candidates
Transit data catalogs/archives:
SuperWASP project includes discoveries and data archiveCompilation of spin-orbit alignment measures
NASA now too has an exoplanet archive! See here: http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu ( end of 2010(24 nov 2010) just before 2011.)
Other
jhelioviewer Explore the sun
Radiative Transfer Code for a Plane Parallel Multiple Scattering/ Absorbing Atmosphere and Kernel Functions for Radiative Transfer in Spectral Lines in C/C++ code. Homepage: http://www.plasmaphysics.org.uk/
General resources
arXiv astro-physics archive of cornell.edu.
If the main repository is too busy try one of the mirrors: http://cn.arxiv.org http://fr.arxiv.org http://de.arxiv.org http://in.arxiv.org http://jp.arxiv.org http://es.arxiv.org http://uk.arxiv.org http://lanl.arxiv.org
SAO{NASA ADS Bibliographic data portal
Some exoplanet news, sequence absolutely arbitrary
';More science news and video
This section is dedicated to a new breed of sites which contain code to prove their content (and do not copy or cite thousands of pages from books just to show their educatedness). I list these sites here no matter of their content and even if they contradict the main statements of this site. This in the hope that this will become the normal way of proving a statement, theory, hypothesis. (This will save all of us a lot of time...)
Radiative
Transfer Code for a Plane Parallel Multiple Scattering/ Absorbing Atmosphere
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